{"id":26,"date":"2025-11-21T16:10:11","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T16:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/?page_id=26"},"modified":"2026-03-27T09:40:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T09:40:38","slug":"i-que-en-pensava-la-gent-de-tot-aixo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/i-que-en-pensava-la-gent-de-tot-aixo\/","title":{"rendered":"I qu\u00e8 en pensava la gent de tot aix\u00f2?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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I qu\u00e8 en pensava la gent de tot aix\u00f2?<\/h1>\n

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La societat catalana davant l\u2019esclavisme: proesclavistes i abolicionistes<\/h2>\n

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D\u2019una banda, les elits econ\u00f2miques, representades per la Junta de Comer\u00e7 o pel C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino de Barcelona, van encap\u00e7alar la defensa de l\u2019esclavatge.<\/p>\n

L\u2019any 1841, la Junta de Comer\u00e7 de Barcelona va publicar un manifest en qu\u00e8 s\u2019oposava a les pretensions abolicionistes dels brit\u00e0nics a Cuba i expressava el seu rebuig que el Congr\u00e9s dels Diputats pogu\u00e9s debatre si calia o no abolir l\u2019esclavatge a les Antilles espanyoles.<\/p>\n

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\u201c…. temor de que nuestro Congreso se empe\u00f1e inconsideradamente en la cuesti\u00f3n de esclavitud y en realidad si esto aconteciese la sola discusi\u00f3n ser\u00eda una se\u00f1al de terrible alarma para nuestras posesiones ultramarinas, porque aquellos habitantes recelosos de la inexperiencia y ardimiento declamatorio que acompa\u00f1a generalmente semejantes debates, ver\u00edan en ellos el origen de una lucha estempor\u00e1nea [sic] pero que pasmar\u00eda el esp\u00edritu de empresa y la confianza se extinguir\u00eda en aquellos pa\u00edses, hasta el punto de provocar la emigraci\u00f3n de los blancos con sus capitales\u201d<\/p>\n

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En aquell manifest mostraven tamb\u00e9, i sobretot, la seva total oposici\u00f3 a secundar les pretensions abolicionistes brit\u00e0niques:<\/p>\n

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\u201cNosotros invocaremos con toda la energ\u00eda que merece la gravedad de este negocio el apoyo de la Junta de Comercio para que represente al Supremo Gobierno a fin de contener estas invasiones extranjeras con grave peligro de la soberan\u00eda de la metr\u00f3poli. Este es el pretesto [sic] con que la poderosa Albi\u00f3n quiere infiltrarse, por decirlo as\u00ed, en todas las 35 cuestiones futuras que puedan ocurrir sobre la libertad de los esclavos y si no se corta de ra\u00edz semejante abuso,plantamos desde ahora un semillero de discordias y de compromisos en nuestras colonias.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00bb#1d1d1b\u00bb divider_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb57px||55px||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb47px||45px||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb37px||37px||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||4px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px|0px|10px|0px|false|true\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n

L\u2019any 1871, es va crear la secci\u00f3 barcelonina del C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino<\/strong>, un lobby<\/em> proesclavista, amb els indians Joan G\u00fcell i Ferrer i Antonio L\u00f3pez com a president i vicepresident, respectivament. Un any m\u00e9s tard, es va fundar la Liga Nacional de Barcelona, que s\u2019oposava a l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavitud a Puerto Rico. El desembre de 1872 i el gener de 1873, el C\u00edrculo de Barcelona va publicar dos manifestos: un, signat per homes de negocis i pol\u00edtics; i un altre, signat nom\u00e9s per dones, amb centenars de signatures de particulars i d\u2019empreses.<\/p>\n

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No queremos la esclavitud. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hemos de quererla si somos mujeres y cat\u00f3licas? Pero queremos menos a\u00fan que se suma en la barbarie a los infelices a quienes se pretende favorecer, haciendo de la hermosa Cuba, de la bella Puerto Rico, dos tribus semejantes a la desdichada Santo Domingo(…) P\u00f3ngase un arma en manos de un ni\u00f1o y se herir\u00e1 con ella. Ni\u00f1o es el que ha vivido siempre bajo tutela y arma mort\u00edfera la libertad para quien no sabe hacer de tan precioso don el uso conveniente(…) Mucho se habla y mucho se desbarra […] al tratar de esta delicada cuesti\u00f3n, porque se presta tanto a pomposas y altisonantes declamaciones […]. Pero la verdad es que los que m\u00e1s declaman contra la mal llamada esclavitud de las Antillas, fil\u00e1ntropos de apariencia y cat\u00f3licos dedoubl\u00e9, tratan con m\u00e1s desp\u00f3tico desprecio a sus criados que los habitantes de Cuba y Puerto Rico a sus llamados esclavos (…) Adem\u00e1s, Excmo. Se\u00f1or [segu\u00edan dirigi\u00e9ndose a Ruiz Zorrilla, presidente del Consejo de Ministros] que uso conveniente se quiere que hagan [los esclavos] de su libertad sin preparaci\u00f3n alguna, unos seres que por sus naturales instintos, por su condici\u00f3n y por otras razones de todos conocidas, no saben vivir sino guiados por el suave yugo de los consejos y del amor de sus amos, con los que se hallan identificados\u201d<\/p>\n

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Espagne. Madrid. R\u00e9union dans l\u2019h\u00f4tel du duc d\u2019Albe, des grands d\u2019espagne oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate des esclaves des colonies.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Reuni\u00f3, a l\u2019Hotel Duque de Alba de Madrid, de grans d\u2019Espanya oposats a l\u2019alliberament de persones esclavitzades ales col\u00f2nies)<\/p>\n

Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 publicada a Le Monde Illustr\u00e9 (11 de gener de 1873).<\/p>\n

Gallica, Biblioth\u00e8que National de France<\/p>\n

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Cimarr\u00f3n sorprendido en un monte por los perros de los arranchadores<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2pia del quadre de V\u00edctor Patricio de Landaluze.<\/p>\n

Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 publicada a la revista La Ilustraci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola y Americana, setembre de 1874.<\/p>\n

MMB<\/p>\n

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Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 n\u2019eren partidaris molts sectors populars. L\u2019any 1868, va esclatar la Guerra dels Deu Anys, la primera guerra per la independ\u00e8ncia de Cuba. Va ser un conflicte liderat per les elits locals contra el domini colonial espanyol, al qual s\u2019hi va sumar la poblaci\u00f3 esclavitzada. Per defensar l\u2019statu quo<\/em> colonial, 3.500 joves voluntaris catalans es van allistar per lluitar al costat de l\u2019ex\u00e8rcit regular contra els separatistes abolicionistes.<\/p>\n

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D’altra banda, els sectors m\u00e9s progressistes promovien l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavitud<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019abolicionisme espanyol va comen\u00e7ar durant els debats per a la redacci\u00f3 de la Constituci\u00f3 de 1812, a les Corts de Cadis. Tot i aix\u00f2, aquella primera constituci\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica no va incloure l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavatge. Durant bona part del segle XIX, va prevaldre el silenci, en part pels interessos de la corona espanyola en les plantacions sucreres cubanes.<\/p>\n

La Revoluci\u00f3 de 1868 va revitalitzar el moviment abolicionista, i encara m\u00e9s, la fi de l\u2019esclavatge als Estats Units d\u2019Am\u00e8rica despr\u00e9s de la Guerra de Secessi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u2019any 1864, es va crear la Sociedad Abolicionista Espa\u00f1ola<\/strong>, de la qual van formar part economistes i pol\u00edtics rellevants com Laure\u00e0 Figuerola, Joaquim Maria Sanrom\u00e0 i Francesc Pi i Margall, aix\u00ed com altres dirigents liberals com Salustiano de Ol\u00f3zaga, Segismundo Moret i Rafael Mar\u00eda Labra. Aquesta associaci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 comptava amb una secci\u00f3 femenina, la Sociedad Abolicionista de Se\u00f1oras, presidida per l\u2019activista Carolina Coronado.<\/p>\n

Entre els abolicionistes catalans hi havia figures com ara la m\u00fasica i feminista Clotilde Cerd\u00e0, l\u2019editor Antonio Bergnes de las Casas, aix\u00ed com alguns pol\u00edtics i economistes rellevants. L\u2019any 1872, es va celebrar a Barcelona la primera gran manifestaci\u00f3 abolicionista.<\/p>\n

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Don Antonio Bergnes de las Casas, [mort] el dia 17 de noviembre de 1879.<\/p>\n

Retrat publicat a El mundo ilustrado.<\/p>\n

Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a<\/p>\n

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L\u2019editor Antoni Bergnes de las Casas<\/h3>\n

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Cap a l\u2019any 1840, a Barcelona, es va articular un nucli abolicionista al voltant de la figura d\u2019Antonio Bergnes de las Casas (1801-1879). Hel\u00b7lenista, editor i rector de la Universitat de Barcelona entre 1868 i 1875, durant el Sexenni Revolucionari, Bergnes va traduir al castell\u00e0 i va editar diversos llibres abolicionistes brit\u00e0nics, i tamb\u00e9 va dirigir la revista El Museo de las Familias, on es van publicar articles d\u2019orientaci\u00f3 abolicionista.<\/p>\n

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Clotilde Cerd\u00e0 i la seva mare, Clotilde Bosch.<\/p>\n

Biblioteca de Catalunya<\/p>\n

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Clotilde Cerd\u00e0<\/h3>\n

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A la primera manifestaci\u00f3 abolicionista celebrada a Barcelona, el 21 de desembre de 1872, \u00e9s possible que hi assist\u00eds Clotilde Cerd\u00e0, coneguda art\u00edsticament com a Esmeralda Cervantes. A m\u00e9s de ser una arpista reconeguda, Cerd\u00e0 era una activista a favor del feminisme i contr\u00e0ria tant a la pena de mort com a l\u2019esclavatge. Durant un viatge a Cuba, l\u2019any 1876, va defensar l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavitud.<\/p>\n

Clotilde era filla de Clotilde Bosch, pintora, i d\u2019Ildefons Cerd\u00e0, enginyer que va dissenyar l\u2019Eixample barcelon\u00ed. Era neta de l\u2019indi\u00e0 Josep Bosch i Mustich, que va fer fortuna a Cuba i posteriorment va dirigir el Ferrocarril de Barcelona a Matar\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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\u00c9venements d\u2019Espagne. Meeting au Cirque Price, \u00e0 Madrid, en faveur de l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage dans les colonies.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Esdeveniments d\u2019Espanya. Reuni\u00f3 al Circ Price de Madrid a favor de l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavitud).<\/p>\n

Dibuix de Jules Delcoq, 1873<\/p>\n

Museo de Historia de Madrid<\/p>\n

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Manifestaci\u00f3 en favor de l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavitud a les col\u00f2nies espanyoles, celebrada a Madrid el 12 de gener de 1873 i organitzada per la Sociedad Abolicionista Espa\u00f1ola.<\/p>\n

Museo de Historia de Madrid<\/p>\n

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Las ligas de mi morena<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Portada de la revista sat\u00edrica La Flaca, n\u00fam. 48 (any IV), p.2.<\/p>\n

Vinyeta que mostra la divisi\u00f3 de la societat catalana davant l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavatge a Cuba. L\u2019esclavatge cub\u00e0 fa onejar la bandera espanyola amb la paraula \u201cLlibertat\u201d. Si a la dreta hi ha defensors de l\u2019abolicionisme deslliurant-lo de les cadenes, a l\u2019esquerra hi ha personatges que representen les oligarquies amb indument\u00e0ria medieval militar o carlina, que les estrenyen m\u00e9s fort.<\/p>\n

Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 de T. Padr\u00f3n, Barcelona, 1873<\/p>\n

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L\u2019exemplar del Diario de Barcelona<\/em> del 23 de desembre de 1872 recull una detallada cr\u00f2nica de la manifestaci\u00f3 celebrada a la ciutat la vig\u00edlia, per demanar l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavatge a les col\u00f2nies. Podeu consultar el text complet de la cr\u00f2nica aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Cartell de la funci\u00f3 de l’obra Romper cadenas<\/em>, de Llu\u00eds Blanc, a favor de la Sociedad Abolicionista Espa\u00f1ola, estrenada al Teatro Novedades de Madrid el 1873.<\/p>\n

Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a<\/p>\n

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I qu\u00e8 en pensava la gent de tot aix\u00f2?La societat catalana davant l\u2019esclavisme: proesclavistes i abolicionistesD\u2019una banda, les elits econ\u00f2miques, representades per la Junta de Comer\u00e7 o pel C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino de Barcelona, van encap\u00e7alar la defensa de l\u2019esclavatge. L\u2019any 1841, la Junta de Comer\u00e7 de Barcelona va publicar un manifest en qu\u00e8 s\u2019oposava a les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24436,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26\/revisions\/24436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}