[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#f5efd7″ custom_padding=”||87px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”||43px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”||27px||false|false”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_tablet=”10px||0px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”10px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|||on|||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”77px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”1250px” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_tablet=”15px||||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”30px||||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Alternate Gothic|||on|||||” header_2_text_align=”right” header_2_font_size=”47px” header_2_letter_spacing=”-0.5px” hover_enabled=”0″ header_2_text_align_tablet=”center” header_2_text_align_phone=”center” header_2_text_align_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Enslaved people never accepted their condition, and from the very beginning, there were uprisings and revolts. In the French colony of Saint-Domingue, a major revolt broke out in 1791. Despite harsh repression by Napoleonic troops sent to the island, the rebels succeeded in gaining independence in 1804 \u2014 giving birth to Haiti, the first state free of slaves. <\/p>\n
Haiti became a powerful example for many communities subjected to slavery, and plantation revolts became increasingly frequent.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(246,245,232,0.45)” custom_padding=”145px||17px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”30px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”20px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”none” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”|auto|37px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_tablet=”41px||||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”36px||||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” mix_blend_mode=”multiply” border_width_left=”1px” border_color_left=”#1d1d1b” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_3_font=”Alternate Gothic|||on|||||” header_3_font_size=”34px” header_3_letter_spacing=”-0.5px” custom_margin=”||6px|||” custom_padding=”|||14px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”0.7em” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px|14px|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ custom_css_free_form=”.entry-content ol li, .entry-content ul li {|| margin-bottom: -3px;||||}” border_color_left=”#1d1d1b” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” mix_blend_mode=”multiply” border_color_left=”#1d1d1b” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mapa-abolicio-esclavitud-no-data-scaled.png” alt=”Ingenio Flor de Cuba” title_text=”mapa-abolicio-esclavitud-no-data” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|||26px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”41px|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”33px|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” filter_sepia=”10%” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”|auto||auto|false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||||true|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#1d1d1b” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”1px” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”20px||20px||true|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”0px||0px||true|false”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”auto” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” max_width=”835px” max_width_tablet=”none” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”|auto|15px|auto||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin_tablet=”||3px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
In 1833, the United Kingdom decreed the end of slavery; France followed in 1848, and the United States in 1865. In Spain, no abolition law was ever passed for the peninsular territory or for the Balearic and Canary Islands.<\/p>\n
In 1873, during the First Republic, under the presidency of the Catalan Estanislau Figueras, slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico. In Cuba, where Spain had far greater interests, it was not abolished until 1886 \u2014 making it the second-to-last territory in the Americas to do so; only Brazil remained, which abolished slavery in 1888. <\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”|auto||auto|false|false” custom_padding=”12px||9px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_tablet=”|auto||auto|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|auto||auto|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#1d1d1b” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”1px” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”20px||13px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin_tablet=”0px||0px||true|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”0px||0px||true|false”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(246,245,232,0.45)” custom_padding=”16px||63px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”16px||46px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”||30px||false|false”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” max_width=”90%” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_phone=”14px||||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” width_phone=”80%” max_width_phone=”80%” width_tablet=”80%” max_width_tablet=”80%” custom_margin_tablet=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|on||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22.5px” text_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”||15px||false|false” custom_padding=”|0px||0px|true|true” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Gentlemen:<\/p>\n
We who have the honour of presenting ourselves before you with these words belong to a class of men whom you have, until now, refused to recognise as your equals \u2014 and whom you have covered in disgrace (\u2026).We may not speak in grand terms, but we will show you \u2014 and the world \u2014 the justice of our cause. We are the very ones you call your slaves, and we now claim the rights to which all men may aspire (\u2026).Under the blows of your barbaric whip, we have amassed for you the wealth you enjoy in this colony; humanity has borne the savagery with which you treat men like yourselves \u2014 if men \u2014 over whom you hold no right other than that of being stronger and more brutal than us. You have trafficked in slaves, sold men in exchange for horses (\u2026), and our lives depend entirely on your whims (\u2026). Yes, we are Black \u2014 that is true. But tell us, gentlemen, you who consider yourselves wise: what law says that the Black man must belong to the white man? You will not be able to show us where such a law exists \u2014 unless it is in your imagination, always eager to invent new fantasies so long as they benefit you. Yes, gentlemen, we are as free as you are. It is only because of your greed and our ignorance that slavery still exists. We find no legitimate right that you hold over us, nor anything that could prove such a right (\u2026). We are your equals by natural law. And if nature delights in giving the human race a diversity of colours, then it is no crime to have been born Black, and no merit to have been born white.\u201d <\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][dipl_separator use_with=”icon” seprator_thickness=”1px” separator_color=”#321310″ font_icon=”{||divi||400″ icon_color=”#321310″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||24px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|true” filter_opacity=”60%” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/dipl_separator][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” module_alignment=”center” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Letter written by Biassou, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, and Toussaint L\u2019Ouverture, leaders of the Haitian Revolution, addressed to the French National Assembly in 1792.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|300|on||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22.5px” text_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”||15px||false|false” custom_padding=”|0px||0px|true|true” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
\u00abEl tr\u00e1fico, Se\u00f1or, de esclavos, no solo es opuesto a la pureza y liberalidad de los sentimientos de la naci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola, sino al esp\u00edritu de su religi\u00f3n. Comerciar con la sangre de nuestros hermanos es horrendo, es atroz, es inhumano, y no puede el Congreso nacional vacilar un momento entre comprometer sus sublimes principios o el inter\u00e9s de algunos particulares\u00bb.<\/p>\n
\u00abThe slave trade, Sir, is not only contrary to the purity and liberality of the sentiments of the Spanish nation, but also to the spirit of its religion. To trade in the blood of our brothers is horrid, atrocious, inhuman \u2014 and the national Congress cannot hesitate for a moment between compromising its lofty principles or protecting the interests of a few individuals.\u00bb<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][dipl_separator use_with=”icon” seprator_thickness=”1px” separator_color=”#321310″ font_icon=”{||divi||400″ icon_color=”#321310″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||24px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|true” filter_opacity=”60%” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/dipl_separator][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” module_alignment=”center” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Excerpt from the speech by the deputy for Asturias, Agust\u00edn de Arg\u00fcelles, at the Cortes of C\u00e1diz. Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes<\/em>, 2 April 1811, p. 812. Arg\u00fcelles was the author of one of the two abolitionist proposals debated in C\u00e1diz, though neither succeeded. <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#f5efd7″ custom_padding=”79px||40px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”30px||40px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”18px||||false|false”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”auto” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” max_width=”835px” max_width_tablet=”none” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”|auto|59px|auto||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”|auto|0px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|auto|0px|auto|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Alternate Gothic||||||||” text_font_size=”31px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_3_font=”Alternate Gothic|||on|||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#321310″ header_3_font_size=”44px” header_3_letter_spacing=”-0.75px” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||13px||false|false” custom_padding=”11px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n In the French colony of Saint-Domingue, enslaved people rose up in 1791. Despite repression by Napoleonic troops sent to the island, they achieved independence in 1804 and Haiti, a slave-free state, was born. Haiti was an example for many enslaved populations, and revolts on plantations became frequent. <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” max_width=”90%” custom_margin=”|auto|82px|auto|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_padding_phone=”15px||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||30px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” width_last_edited=”on|phone” width_phone=”80%” max_width_phone=”80%” width_tablet=”80%” max_width_tablet=”80%”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/revolucio-haitiana.jpg” alt=”Haitian Revolution” title_text=”revolucio-haitiana” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” max_height=”763px” custom_margin=”||40px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||25px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.3em” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”500px” module_alignment=”center” hover_enabled=”0″ text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||40px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||20px||false|false”]<\/p>\n Attack and take of the Cr\u00eate-\u00e0-Pierrot (4 – 24 March 24, 1802).<\/p>\n Original illustration by Auguste Raffet, engraving by Ernst H\u00e9bert (1839)<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/declaracio-independencia-haiti.jpg” alt=”Haitian Declaration of Independence” title_text=”declaracio-independencia-haiti” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” max_height=”763px” custom_margin=”||40px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||25px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.3em” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”500px” module_alignment=”center” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Haitian Declaration of Independence<\/p>\n National Archives, U.K.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” max_width=”90%” custom_margin=”|auto|43px|auto|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” sticky_enabled=”0″ width_phone=”80%” max_width_phone=”80%” width_tablet=”80%” max_width_tablet=”80%” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin_tablet=”||10px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/retrat-toussaint-louverture.jpg” alt=”A portrait of Toussaint Louverture” title_text=”retrat-toussaint-louverture” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” max_height=”763px” custom_margin=”||40px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||25px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.3em” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”500px” module_alignment=”center” hover_enabled=”0″ text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||50px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||30px||false|false”]<\/p>\n A portrait of Toussaint Louverture<\/p>\n Oil on canvas by Alexandre-Fran\u00e7ois-Louis, Count of Girardin (1804\u20131805)<\/p>\n Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/bitwa-na-san-domingo.jpg” alt=”Bitwa na San Domingo” title_text=”bitwa-na-san-domingo” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” max_height=”763px” custom_margin=”||40px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin_tablet=”||25px||false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin_phone=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.3em” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”500px” module_alignment=”center” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Bitwa na San Domingo<\/em><\/p>\n (Battle of Santo Domingo)<\/p>\n Oil on canvas by January Suchodolski (1797\u20131875)<\/p>\n Army Museum, Poland<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ module_class=”nav-prev-home-next” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”125px” max_width_tablet=”141px” max_width_phone=”111px” max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/anterior.png” title_text=”previus” url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjI2In19@” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _dynamic_attributes=”url” _module_preset=”default” height=”25px” height_tablet=”30px” height_phone=”25px” height_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}” filter_opacity__hover_enabled=”on|hover” filter_opacity__hover=”36%”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/home.png” title_text=”home” url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjEwIn19@” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _dynamic_attributes=”url” _module_preset=”default” height=”25px” height_tablet=”30px” height_phone=”25px” height_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}” filter_opacity__hover_enabled=”on|hover” filter_opacity__hover=”36%”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/seguent.png” title_text=”next” url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjMwIn19@” align=”right” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _dynamic_attributes=”url” _module_preset=”default” height=”25px” height_tablet=”30px” height_phone=”25px” height_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}” filter_opacity__hover_enabled=”on|hover” filter_opacity__hover=”36%”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The End of SlaveryThe Abolition of SlaveryEnslaved people never accepted their condition, and from the very beginning, there were uprisings and revolts. In the French colony of Saint-Domingue, a major revolt broke out in 1791. Despite harsh repression by Napoleonic troops sent to the island, the rebels succeeded in gaining independence in 1804 \u2014 giving […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24443","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24443"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24445,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24443\/revisions\/24445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Revolts on the plantations<\/h3>\n