{"id":24437,"date":"2025-11-21T16:10:11","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T16:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/and-what-did-people-think-about-all-this\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T07:46:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:46:13","slug":"and-what-did-people-think-about-all-this","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/and-what-did-people-think-about-all-this\/","title":{"rendered":"And What Did People Think About All This?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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And What Did People Think About All This?<\/h1>\n

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Catalan Society and Slavery: Pro-Slavery and Abolitionist Voices<\/h2>\n

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On one side stood the economic elites, represented by bodies like the Junta de Comer\u00e7 (Barcelona Board of Trade) and the C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino (Hispanic Ultramarine Circle) of Barcelona, who actively defended the institution of slavery.<\/p>\n

In 1841, the Junta de Comer\u00e7 (Board of Trade) of Barcelona published a manifesto opposing the British abolitionist push in Cuba. It also expressed its rejection of the idea that the Spanish Congress of Deputies should even be allowed to debate whether slavery ought to be abolished in the Spanish Antilles.<\/p>\n

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\u201c…. temor de que nuestro Congreso se empe\u00f1e inconsideradamente en la cuesti\u00f3n de esclavitud y en realidad si esto aconteciese la sola discusi\u00f3n ser\u00eda una se\u00f1al de terrible alarma para nuestras posesiones ultramarinas, porque aquellos habitantes recelosos de la inexperiencia y ardimiento declamatorio que acompa\u00f1a generalmente semejantes debates, ver\u00edan en ellos el origen de una lucha estempor\u00e1nea [sic] pero que pasmar\u00eda el esp\u00edritu de empresa y la confianza se extinguir\u00eda en aquellos pa\u00edses, hasta el punto de provocar la emigraci\u00f3n de los blancos con sus capitales\u201d<\/p>\n

(\u201c\u2026fear that our Congress might rashly take up the issue of slavery, for should this occur, even the mere discussion of it would be a terrible alarm bell for our overseas possessions. The inhabitants there, wary of the inexperience and declamatory fervour that typically accompany such debates, would see in them the beginnings of an untimely conflict \u2014 one that would paralyse the spirit of enterprise and extinguish confidence in those territories, to the point of provoking the emigration of white people along with their capital.\u201d)<\/p>\n

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In that manifesto they also, and above all, demonstrated their total opposition to supporting British abolitionist claims:<\/p>\n

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\u201cNosotros invocaremos con toda la energ\u00eda que merece la gravedad de este negocio el apoyo de la Junta de Comercio para que represente al Supremo Gobierno a fin de contener estas invasiones extranjeras con grave peligro de la soberan\u00eda de la metr\u00f3poli. Este es el pretesto [sic] con que la poderosa Albi\u00f3n quiere infiltrarse, por decirlo as\u00ed, en todas las 35 cuestiones futuras que puedan ocurrir sobre la libertad de los esclavos y si no se corta de ra\u00edz semejante abuso,plantamos desde ahora un semillero de discordias y de compromisos en nuestras colonias.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe shall invoke, with all the energy that the gravity of this business deserves, the support of the Board of Trade (Junta de Comercio) so that it may represent before the Supreme Government the need to restrain these foreign invasions, which pose a grave danger to the sovereignty of the Metropolis. This is the pretext under which powerful Albion seeks to infiltrate, so to speak, all future questions that may arise regarding the freedom of slaves; and if such an abuse is not nipped in the bud, we are sowing, as of now, the seeds of discord and compromise within our colonies.\u201d <\/p>\n

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In 1871, the Barcelona branch of the C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino (Hispanic Ultramarine Circle)<\/strong> was established \u2014 a pro-slavery lobbying group, with the indianos Joan G\u00fcell i Ferrer and Antonio L\u00f3pez serving as president and vice-president, respectively. A year later, the Liga Nacional de Barcelona was founded, opposing the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico. In December 1872 and January 1873, the Barcelona C\u00edrculo published two manifestos: one signed by businessmen and politicians, and another signed exclusively by women, with hundreds of signatures from both private individuals and companies.. <\/p>\n

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No queremos la esclavitud. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hemos de quererla si somos mujeres y cat\u00f3licas? Pero queremos menos a\u00fan que se suma en la barbarie a los infelices a quienes se pretende favorecer, haciendo de la hermosa Cuba, de la bella Puerto Rico, dos tribus semejantes a la desdichada Santo Domingo(…) P\u00f3ngase un arma en manos de un ni\u00f1o y se herir\u00e1 con ella. Ni\u00f1o es el que ha vivido siempre bajo tutela y arma mort\u00edfera la libertad para quien no sabe hacer de tan precioso don el uso conveniente(…) Mucho se habla y mucho se desbarra […] al tratar de esta delicada cuesti\u00f3n, porque se presta tanto a pomposas y altisonantes declamaciones […]. Pero la verdad es que los que m\u00e1s declaman contra la mal llamada esclavitud de las Antillas, fil\u00e1ntropos de apariencia y cat\u00f3licos dedoubl\u00e9, tratan con m\u00e1s desp\u00f3tico desprecio a sus criados que los habitantes de Cuba y Puerto Rico a sus llamados esclavos (…) Adem\u00e1s, Excmo. Se\u00f1or [segu\u00edan dirigi\u00e9ndose a Ruiz Zorrilla, presidente del Consejo de Ministros] que uso conveniente se quiere que hagan [los esclavos] de su libertad sin preparaci\u00f3n alguna, unos seres que por sus naturales instintos, por su condici\u00f3n y por otras razones de todos conocidas, no saben vivir sino guiados por el suave yugo de los consejos y del amor de sus amos, con los que se hallan identificados\u201d<\/p>\n

(We do not want slavery. Why would we want it, if we are women and Catholics? But we want even less that those unfortunate people whom others claim to be helping should be plunged into barbarity \u2014 turning beautiful Cuba and lovely Puerto Rico into tribes resembling unfortunate Santo Domingo. (…) Hand a weapon to a child, and he will hurt himself with it. A child is someone who has always lived under tutelage, and freedom is a deadly weapon for those who do not know how to use such a precious gift wisely. (…) Much is said \u2014 and much nonsense too \u2014 […] when speaking of this delicate issue, because it lends itself so easily to pompous and high-sounding declamations […]. But the truth is that those who most loudly denounce the so-called slavery of the Antilles \u2014 these so-called philanthropists and so-called Catholics \u2014 treat their own servants with more despotic contempt than the inhabitants of Cuba and Puerto Rico treat their so-called slaves. (…) Furthermore, Your Excellency [they continue addressing Prime Minister Ruiz Zorrilla], what right use of freedom can possibly be expected from people who have had no preparation whatsoever \u2014 beings who, by their natural instincts, by their condition, and for other well-known reasons, cannot live except under the gentle yoke of the advice and love of their masters, with whom they are united?) <\/p>\n

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Espagne. Madrid. R\u00e9union dans l\u2019h\u00f4tel du duc d\u2019Albe, des grands d\u2019espagne oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate des esclaves des colonies. <\/em><\/p>\n

(Meeting at the Hotel Duque de Alba in Madrid of Spanish nobles opposed to the liberation of enslaved people in the colonies)<\/p>\n

Illustration published in Le Monde Illustr\u00e9 (11 January 1873).<\/p>\n

Gallica, Biblioth\u00e8que National de France.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cimarron-sorprendido-ok.jpg” alt=”Cimarr\u00f3n sorprendido en un monte por los perros de los arranchadores” title_text=”cimarron-sorprendido-ok” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||30px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_letter_spacing=”-0.15px” text_line_height=”1.3em” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Cimarr\u00f3n sorprendido en un monte por los perros de los arranchadores.<\/em>
(Cimarr\u00f3n surprised in the mountains by the dogs of the ranchers)<\/p>\n

Copy of the painting by V\u00edctor Patricio de Landaluze.<\/p>\n

Illustration published in the magazine La Ilustraci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola y Americana, September 1874.<\/p>\n

MMB<\/p>\n

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In 1868, the Ten Years\u2019 War broke out \u2014 the first war for Cuba\u2019s independence. It was a conflict led by local elites against Spanish colonial rule, and the enslaved population joined the uprising. In defence of the colonial status quo, 3,500 young Catalan volunteers enlisted to fight alongside the regular army against the separatist abolitionists. <\/p>\n

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On the other hand, the more progressive sectors of society promoted the abolition of slavery<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Spanish Abolitionism began during the debates over the drafting of the 1812 Constitution, at the Cortes of C\u00e1diz. However, that first democratic constitution did not include the abolition of slavery. Throughout much of the 19th century, silence on the issue prevailed \u2014 partly due to the Spanish crown\u2019s vested interests in Cuba\u2019s sugar plantations. <\/p>\n

The Revolution of 1868 revitalised the abolitionist movement, even more so following the end of slavery in the United States after the Civil War.<\/p>\n

In 1864, the Sociedad Abolicionista Espa\u00f1ola (Spanish Abolitionist Society)<\/strong> was founded. It included leading economists and politicians such as Laure\u00e0 Figuerola, Joaquim Maria Sanrom\u00e0, and Francesc Pi i Margall, as well as other liberal figures like Salustiano de Ol\u00f3zaga, Segismundo Moret, and Rafael Mar\u00eda Labra. The society also had a women\u2019s section, the Sociedad Abolicionista de Se\u00f1oras, chaired by the activist Carolina Coronado. <\/p>\n

Among the Catalan abolitionists were figures such as the musician and feminist Clotilde Cerd\u00e0, the publisher Antonio Bergnes de las Casas, as well as several prominent politicians and economists. In 1872, Barcelona hosted its first major abolitionist demonstration. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(244,241,230,0.87)” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”100px||10px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”78px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”55px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” module_class=”fila-gap-centro” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”|0px|88px|0px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||58px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||26px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”||5px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”||5px|||” custom_padding_phone=”||5px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/antoni-bergnes-de-les-cases.jpg” alt=”Antoni Bergnes de les Cases” title_text=”antoni-bergnes-de-les-cases” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||22px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||on||||||” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.2em” custom_margin=”||9px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”||48px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||66px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Don Antonio Bergnes de las Casas, [deceased] on 17 November 1879.<\/p>\n

Portrait published in El mundo ilustrado.<\/p>\n

Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Alternate Gothic||||||||” text_font_size=”31px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_3_font=”Alternate Gothic|||on|||||” header_3_text_align=”left” header_3_text_color=”#321310″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_letter_spacing=”-0.75px” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”-16px||13px|15px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”-16px||13px|15px|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”11px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Publisher Antoni Bergnes de las Casas<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||15px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||30px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||30px|0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Around 1840, an abolitionist circle began to form in Barcelona around Antoni Bergnes de las Casas (1801\u20131879). A Hellenist, publisher, and Rector of the University of Barcelona from 1868 to 1875 \u2014 during the Sexenni Revolucionari (Six-Year Democratic Period) \u2014 Bergnes translated and published several British abolitionist works in Spanish. He also edited the magazine El Museo de las Familias, which featured abolitionist articles. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/clotilde-cerda.jpg” alt=”Clotilde Cerd\u00e0” title_text=”_clotilde-cerda” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||22px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||on||||||” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.2em” custom_margin=”||8px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Clotilde Cerd\u00e0 and her mother Clotilde Bosch<\/p>\n

Biblioteca de Catalunya<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Alternate Gothic||||||||” text_font_size=”31px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_3_font=”Alternate Gothic|||on|||||” header_3_text_align=”left” header_3_text_color=”#321310″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_letter_spacing=”-0.75px” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”-16px||13px|15px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”-16px||13px|15px|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”-16px||13px|0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”11px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Clotilde Cerd\u00e0<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|0px||15px|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||30px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||30px|0px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

At the first abolitionist demonstration held in Barcelona, on 21 December 1872, Clotilde Cerd\u00e0, known artistically as Esmeralda Cervantes, may have been present. In addition to being a renowned harpist, Cerd\u00e0 was an activist for feminism and a vocal opponent of both the death penalty and slavery. During a trip to Cuba in 1876, she defended the abolition of slavery. <\/p>\n

Clotilde was the daughter of the painter Clotilde Bosch and Ildefons Cerd\u00e0, the engineer who designed Barcelona\u2019s Eixample district. She was also the granddaughter of Josep Bosch i Mustich, an indiano who made his fortune in Cuba and later directed the Barcelona\u2013Matar\u00f3 railway. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(246,245,232,0.45)” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”111px||40px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”79px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”50px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”70%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”1250px” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”|auto|68px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||8px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/esdeveniments-a-espanya.jpg” alt=”Events in Spain” title_text=”esdeveniments-a-espanya” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||18px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”||-3px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||-5px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9venements d\u2019Espagne. Meeting au Cirque Price, \u00e0 Madrid, en faveur de l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage dans les colonies. <\/em><\/p>\n

(Events in Spain. Meeting at the Price Circus in Madrid in favour of the abolition of slavery in the colonies)<\/p>\n

Drawing by Jules Delcoq, 1873<\/p>\n

Museo de Historia de Madrid<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” module_class=”fila-invertida” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”70%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”1250px” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”|auto|68px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”||14px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Demonstration in favour of the abolition of slavery in the Spanish colonies held in Madrid on 12 January 1873 and organised by the Spanish Abolitionist Society.<\/p>\n

Museo de Historia de Madrid<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/manifestacio-en-favor-abolicio.jpg” alt=”Demonstration in favour of the abolition of slavery” title_text=”manifestacio-en-favor-abolicio” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||18px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”||18px|||” custom_margin_phone=”||18px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”70%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”1250px” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”|auto|66px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||15px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/las-ligas-de-mi-morena.jpg” alt=”Las ligas de mi morena” title_text=”las-ligas-de-mi-morena” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||18px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”||-4px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||-10px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Las ligas de mi morena<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Cover of the satirical magazine La Flaca, no. 48 (year IV), p.2. <\/p>\n

Vinyeta que mostra la divisi\u00f3 de la societat catalana davant l\u2019abolici\u00f3 de l\u2019esclavatge a Cuba. L\u2019esclavatge cub\u00e0 fa onejar la bandera espanyola amb la paraula \u201cLlibertat\u201d. Si a la dreta hi ha defensors de l\u2019abolicionisme deslliurant-lo de les cadenes, a l\u2019esquerra hi ha personatges que representen les oligarquies amb indument\u00e0ria medieval militar o carlina, que les estrenyen m\u00e9s fort. <\/p>\n

Illustration by T. Padr\u00f3n, Barcelona, 1873.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” width_tablet=”70%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” max_width=”90%” max_width_tablet=”1250px” max_width_phone=”80%” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”|auto|68px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||8px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|auto|0px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/diario_de_barcelona.jpg” alt=”Demonstration in favour of the abolition of slavery” title_text=”diario_de_barcelona” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”right” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||18px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”||57px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”||14px|||” text_font_size_tablet=”20px” text_font_size_phone=”18px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_letter_spacing_tablet=”” text_letter_spacing_phone=”” text_letter_spacing_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_line_height_tablet=”1.3em” text_line_height_phone=”1.3em” text_line_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The 23 December 1872 edition of the Diario de Barcelona<\/em> newspaper contains a detailed account of the demonstration held in the city the previous day to demand the abolition of slavery in the colonies.
You can consult the full text of the chronicle here. <\/p>\n

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Poster for the play Romper cadenas<\/em> (Breaking Chains) by Llu\u00eds Blanc, in support of the Spanish Abolitionist Society, premiered at the Teatro Novedades in Madrid in 1873.<\/p>\n

Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

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And What Did People Think About All This?Catalan Society and Slavery: Pro-Slavery and Abolitionist VoicesOn one side stood the economic elites, represented by bodies like the Junta de Comer\u00e7 (Barcelona Board of Trade) and the C\u00edrculo Hispano-Ultramarino (Hispanic Ultramarine Circle) of Barcelona, who actively defended the institution of slavery. In 1841, the Junta de Comer\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24437","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24437"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24878,"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24437\/revisions\/24878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exposicionsvirtuals.mmb.cat\/lainfamia\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}